Bottlenecks - Road Traffic Congestion - page 76

Fig. 7.16 Vehicular con fl ict points at a typical four-way intersection. Source Reference [ 4 ]

Fig. 7.17 Pedestrian — vehicle and pedestrian- bicycle conflict points at a four-way intersection.
Source Reference [ 4 ]

c movements through a street intersection are usually separated
by a traffic signal that alternatively allocates a proportion (or phase) of the total time
available (or cycle) to move traf

Con fl icting traf

c from moving. The stopped
time on each approach is a cause of congestion during periods of heavy traf

c and to stop traf

c

volume.