Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 22.14 Sensitivity of mode share to parking subsidy policy, by Los Angeles subarea
Location and
average
parking price
Mode share percentage
Financial
core
($121)
Bunker
hill
($100)
Civic
center
($84)
Broadway
—
South
park
($59)
Entire
study
area
($85)
spring
($73)
All
employers
SOV (%)
62
70
60
39
67
61
HOV
12
11
22
16
18
15
Transit
25
16
17
40
15
22
(# cases)
(870)
(1,314)
(2,225)
(448)
(155)
(5,012)
Free
parking
(subsidized)
SOV (%)
67
85
65
73
68
71
HOV
10
5
18
27
21
13
Transit
22
5
17
0
11
13
(# cases)
(216)
(74)
(418)
(4)
(27)
(739)
SOV (%) 56 42 51 39 77 54
HOV 7 14 28 0 11 8
Transit 35 45 20 61 11 36
(# cases) (72) (268) (126) (22) (18) (506)
The number of cases reported is for all modes in that subarea, unweighted. The mode share
percentages use weighted survey responses. Parking costs are derived from a 1986 market survey.
Parking subsidy characteristics were estimated from survey data
Source
References [
2
], pp 13
-
20, Table 13.3 and [
22
]
No
subsidies
parking pricing on solo-drivers mode share are shown
in Tables
22.15
and
22.16
. Overall when the employer pays for parking more
employees drive to work. But when the employer gives cash to employees who are
free to use it or not for parking, fewer employees chose to drive and use the cash for
other bene
The effects of
“
cash out
”
ts. The net effect of the cash out policy resulted in fewer parking spaces
needed to serve the same number of employees at the seven employment locations
—
from 0.72 spaces per employee to 0.53 spaces per employee [
18
].
The
“
”
impacts for eight selected employers who complied with
this legislation are summarized in Table
22.16
. After implementation of parking
cash out the drive-alone mode share fell by about 15 % and the car pool share
increased by about 55 % fell by about 12 and 7 % points, respectively; while the
transit, walking and bicycle shares increased by 43, 48, and 27 % respectively.
slightly. These changes reduced the annual vehicle trips per employee and the VMT
per employee by 11 and 12 % respectively. As a result of the parking cash out
program the average commuting subsidy per employee rose by only $2.00 per
month [
19
].
before and after
