Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
22.4 Pricing Parking Space
22.4.1 Introduction
Pricing parking has been a long-established method for managing demand and
generating revenue. It is common in central business districts and in major outlying
employment concentrations such as medical centers and universities. Parking
charges normally cover capital and operating costs.
Since the 1970s pricing also has become a major demand management action.
Pricing can in
fl
uence mode choice and traf
c congestion.
22.4.2 Purpose
Parking facilities have been priced for many years to
Increase turnover of the most convenient spaces
Encourage the longer-duration parkers to use less convenient spaces
Help reduce traf
c volumes in congested areas
Generate revenues by requiring parkers to pay their share of capital and oper-
ating costs
Pricing, along with parking supply management, can modify travel demands and
reduce congestion by
charging parkers who previously had free parking provided by employers
charging parkers at major activity concentrations that are located in areas with
good transit service
increasing rates for all-day and monthly parkers, especially where rapid transit
services are available
increase availability of off-street parking space in congested parts of the city
22.4.3 Types of Parking Charges
The common types of pricing policies to manage parking demand include (1) high
fees for commuters, (2) discounts for ridesharing, (3)
programs for
employers, (4) parking taxes and transportation allowances. Some examples of
various parking pricing policies (by type of facility) drawn from available literature
are presented in Table
22.13
. Their application could lead to reduced congestion.
“
cash out
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