Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
22.2 Parking Supply Management
22.2.1 Changing Perspectives
The
has persisted since the beginning of the Twentieth Century.
It has changed in character, location, and scale. As urban areas expanded, motor
vehicle use increased, environmental concerns emerged, and public attitudes
changed. Figure
22.1
summarizes these various changes.
Once closely related to downtown access and congestion, parking concerns have
spread throughout the urban region. Adequate parking supply, location, and price
have become tools to foster economic development, in
“
parking problem
”
fl
uence mode choice, reduce
traf
c congestion, and improve air quality.
Eliminating and controlling curb parking in conjunction with increasing the
supply of off-street parking helped city centers adapt to major increases in traf
c
demand and congestion during the
first 40 years of automobile use. Beginning in
the late 1940s, the provision and control of parking was used to address new issues
of urban economic preservation and revitalization, as well as traf
c congestion.
Interstate highways and urban expressways offered new opportunities for the joint
development of parking and highways.
In the 1960s, public opposition to urban expressway construction grew, and
strong political support emerged for improving transit access to downtowns.
Expanded park-and-ride facilities at outlying transit stations were used to encourage
Fig. 22.1 Summary of changes in parking perspectives relating to traffic congestion.
Source
Reference [
5
]
