Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Fig. 21.1 Effect of economic incentives on SOV use rate. Key
1
Reduced parking supply.
2
Superior transit service.
3
Alternative work hour program (two cases).
Source
Reference [
1
],
pp 19
60, Fig. 19.1
-
Telecommuting
working at home some number of days per week or month.
Advanced communication technology make telecommuting a feasible alterna-
tive to commuting to work for some professions
—
21.3.2 Staggered and Flexible Hours
Work rescheduling emerged as a congestion-reducing and fuel conservation strat-
egy in the mid-1970s. Table
21.4
contains examples of companies that instituted
staggered and
flexible work hours programs and the number of employees involved,
before 1976 [
2
].
fl
21.3.2.1 Effects
The results achieved by these early programs in Manhattan (New York City),
Toronto, Ottawa, St Paul, Bishop
'
s Ranch (California), San Francisco, and Hawaii,
are described in chronological order below.
a. Lower Manhattan (New York City)
Staggered work hours were introduced in Lower Manhattan on April 1, 1970, by
the Port Authority of NY and NJ, and by PATH (Port Authority
—
Trans Hudson
Transit), in cooperation with the Downtown
Lower Manhattan Association. The
area had a worker population of 486,000 of whom about 85 % commuted by rail
transit.
The program, in which about 100,000 employees participated, was one of the
most ambitious staggered hours programs enacted. It was designed to relieve
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