Overview of Mitigation Strategies that Reduce Traffic Demand - Road Traffic Congestion - page 267

c demand reduction strategies can be categorized into two groups: those
that directly aim at changing travel behavior (e.g., congestion pricing), and those
that are intended to change behavior indirectly (e.g., through transit service
expansion). Illustrative strategies in each group along with their expected effects
and implication challenges are shown in Table 18.1 .
A brief description of these direct demand reduction and indirect demand
reduction strategies follows.

Traf

18.2 Direct Demand Strategies

Direct demand strategies focus on changing traveler behavior through policies that
rely on various pricing or regulatory mandates.
These include:

￿ Pricing strategies for roadways (Chap. 19 )

￿ Regulatory Restrictions on Car Use (Chap. 20 )

￿ Freight Demand Management (Chap. 20 ).

18.3 Indirect Demand Strategies

Indirect demand strategies include actions that encourage a reduction in private
vehicle use.
These strategies focus on reducing private vehicle use through land use planning
and design, the enhancing of alternative modes of travel, and reducing the need to
travel (e.g., telecommuting).
They include:

Employer and Institutional Participation in the Work Commute (Chap. 21 )

￿

Reducing the Need to Travel (Chap. 21 )

￿

Parking Supply and Pricing (Chap. 22 )

￿

Land Use Changes (Chap. 23 )

￿

Transit and Pedestrian/Bicycle Improvements (Chap. 23 ) .

￿

18.4 Implications

Strategies that can effectively reduce the demand for roads (and parking spaces) will
require urban areas to adopt a common vision of how they should develop. Achieving
this vision at the regional level is a challenging task as it requires coordinating land
use decisions at the local level with transportation decisions at the regional level.