Bioinspired Concrete - Biotechnologies and Biomimetics for Civil Engineering - page 302

This is due to the 5 % by weight CO 2 in the liquid and the 40 % offset of CO 2 that
would have otherwise come from the OPC. Other examples include a complete
replacement of OPC by, for example, CaCO 3 cement, or complete replacement of
aggregate by CaCO 3 aggregate. For these examples it is noteworthy to assume the
CaCO 3 is produced by the following stoichiometric chemical reaction: CaCl 2 + 2
NaHCO 3 = CaCO 3 + 2 NaCl + CO 2 + H 2 O, i.e., each equivalent of CaCO 3
sequesters one equivalent of CO 2 . If a concrete formulation were to replace tradi-
tional components with novel carbon-reducing liquid, cement and aggregate, the
total kg CO 2 /m 3 decreases by more than -1,100 kg.
13.5 Conclusions
Concrete may provide a significant sink for anthropogenic carbonate dioxide in the
form of aggregate and calcium carbonate cement. These carbonate concretes hold
promise specifically in regard to the greater carbon problem and may one day
provide an energy efficient platform for the reuse of carbon dioxide in our built
environment on a very large scale and at a very low energy demand. Low tem-
perature cement precursors may usher in a new era of possibilities in concrete
compositions.
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