Bioinspired Concrete - Biotechnologies and Biomimetics for Civil Engineering - page 296

Fig. 13.1 Spectra of calcite (dashed blue lines), vaterite (dashed red lines), pc-ACC (blue lines),
and pv ACC (red lines). a 13 C solid-state NMR spectra recorded by single pulses at a magnetic
field of 9.4 T and a MAS rate of 8.0 kHz. b Fourier Transform of calcium K-edge EXAFS plotted
in the R space (lines as in (a)). The expected interactions of the first three coordination shells are
indicated. The black arrow marks a peak, which may relate to the coordination of structural
water. The vertical lines are a guide for the eye (Gebaur et al. 2010 )

with NMR and advanced X-ray techniques (EXAFS) (Fig. 13.1 ) has led the field in
a new direction of understanding these materials more accurately as they arise
from ions in liquids, gathering together and eventually taking the form of what is
currently

identified as carbonate structures. Cartwright et al. ( 2012 ) further