Ground Imagery and Environmental Perception: Using Photo-questionnaires to Evaluate River Management Strategies - Fluvial Remote Sensing for Science and Management - page 396

Table 18.2 Characteristics of landscape perception studies.

Broad Approaches Expert Paradigm Experimental Paradigm Experiential Paradigm

(Zube et al., 1982) Psychophysical Trend Cognitive Trend

Participants Professionals Sample groups of professionals and general

public

Lay people

Subject involvement Skilled and training

observers

Respondents Participants

Techniques of
evaluation
(Turner, 1975)

Measurement techniques Preference techniques (relationship between

physical features and value judgments)

Consensus approaches
(in-depth interviews,
semi-structured
questionnaires)

Primary study
object

Environment(s) Human/environment interaction Subjects

Methods Reductionism Systemics and complexity Holism

Factors explicating
riverscape
value

Sociocultural characteristics (age, genre, income,
profession, home, nationality)

Formal aesthetic,
ecological and
development
principles

Biophysical features of
riverscape (water
color, clarity, depth,
landforms)

Cognitive and affective
dimensions
(attractiveness,
preference, aesthetics,
naturalness, legibility,
coherence,
complexity, mystery)

Everyday experience
(familiarity, sense of
place, sociability)

Data collection Structured questionnaires, photo-questionnaires, field measures In-depth taped

interviews,
auto-directed
photography,
literature production

References Griselin and Nageleisen,

2004; Cossin and
Piegay, 2001;
Williams, 1986; Pitt,
1976; Penning-Rowsell
and Hardy, 1973;
Leopold, 1968 and
1969b; Leopold and
Marchand, 1968

Pfl uger et al., 2010; Le
Lay et al., 2008; Junker
and Buchecker, 2008;
Piegay et al., 2005;
Meitner, 2004; Wilson
et al., 1995; Gregory
and Davis, 1993;
House and Sangster,
1991; Mosley, 1989

Bulut et al., 2010; Ryan,
1998; Herzog, 1985;
Ellsworth, 1982;
Ulrich, 1981; Lee,
1979; Levin, 1977;
Kaplan, 1977b

Dakin, 2003; Coeterier,
1996; Yamashita,
1992

if one were to travel deeper into it' (Herzog, 1985,
p. 227). Legibility and coherence indicate the person's
understanding of a scene, while complexity and mys-
tery relate to the observer's involvement and interest in
an environment.

The preference for river scenes is positively related to
mystery (Levin, 1976; Ellsworth, 1982) and to coherence
(Kaplan, 1977a). Herzog (1985) also found that the most
preferred waterscapes received high rates in spaciousness,
coherence, and mystery, but low rates in texture (that