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13000
10000
(a)
12
C
(b)
12
C
14
N
1.0
μ
m
1.0
μ
m
4500
40
50
5
(c)
31
P
(d)
63
Cu
1.0
μ
m
1.0
μ
m
0
0
Figure 17.13
12
C
−
,
12
C
14
N
−
,
31
P
−
,and
63
Cu
−
distributions in cells of
Chlorella kesslerii
exposed to 10
mol L
−
1
Cu(II). The straight
lines represent the line scans made in two regions of interest. Different colours correspond to the different intensities of the signal,
which increase from black to red. With kind permission from Springer Science
μ
Business Media:
Analytical and Bioanalytical
Chemistry, Dynamic NanoSIMS ion imaging of unicellular freshwater algae exposed to copper
, 393, 2009, 583-589, Slaveykova, V.I.,
Guignard, C., Eybe, T., Migeon, H.-N. and Hoffmann, L.
+
gammarid,
Dikerogammarus villosus
. They demonstrated
that unsaturated neutral lipids were more abundant,
the surface densities of the lysosomal and peroxisomal
systems were, respectively, less and more important,
and lipofuscin granules tended to accumulate in the
amphipods from the most anthropised site. In a same way,
morphometry and pigment composition of macrophage
aggregates, which are thought to be dependent on the
fish species, age, and health status, were studied in spleen
and kidney of Blue Gourami (
Trichogaster trichopterus
)
(Russo et al., 2007).
Hematological indices are also gaining general accep-
tance as valuable tools in monitoring various aspects
of fish health when exposed to contaminants. Oliveira
Ribeiro et al. (2006) examined the effects of methyl mer-
cury (MeHg), inorganic lead (Pb2
+
), and tributyltin
(TBT) on abundance and morphometry of various blood
cells of the top predator fish
Hoplias malabaricus
(after
trophic exposure). Among other effects, they found differ-
ences in area, elongation, and roundness of erythrocytes
for individuals exposed to Pb2
+
and TBT. IA methods can
also be used in histopathological studies, such as fish gills
structure as indicators of water quality (Oropesa-Jimenez
et al., 2005) or to detect environmental stresses from the
quality of genetic structures (Hayashi et al., 1998).
Finally, fish parasites have generally been found to be
useful indicative models for the indication of environ-
mental disturbances (Koskivaara, 1992). By identifying
the parasite species of chub (
Leuciscus cephalus
) using IA,
Dusek et al. (1998) revealed a relationship between the
diversity of parasites and the pollution level at the sites
studied.
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