Geography Reference
In-Depth Information
(that can be acquired with different distance to the
object, orientation, even date) and takes advantage of
free and open-source software. This procedure is capable
of producing a low-cost 3D mapping that can be used for
a wide range of applications in geophysics.
Methodological and technological progresses are evi-
dently expected since ground imagery represents one of
the main emerging fields in remote sensing. In terms
of river management, these approaches are particularly
relevant as they improve our understanding of the mor-
phological processes, helping us to manage the river
environment using an understanding of real-time causes
not only the observed (post flood) consequences. More-
over, the development of web-platforms could provide
easy access to online, remote information, with relevant
advantages in public communication (a picture may be
worth 1000 words from a scientist) and security (e.g.,
development of flood warning systems).
Barker R., Dixon L., and Hooke J. 1997. Use of terrestrial
photogrammetry for monitoring and measuring bank erosion.
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Behmer D.J. and Hawkins C.P. 2006. Effects of overhead canopy
on macroinvertebrate production in a Utah stream. Freshwater
Biology , 16(3), 287-300
Bertoldi W., Gurnell A.M., Surian N., Tockner K., Zanoni L.,
Ziliani L., and Zolezzi G. 2009. Understanding reference
processes: linkages between river flows, sediment dynamics
and vegetated landforms along the Tagliamento River, Italy.
River Research and Applications , 25, 501-516.
Bertoldi W., Zanoni L., and Tubino M. 2010. Assessment of
morphological changes induced by flow and flood pulses in
a gravel bed braided river: the Tagliamento River (Italy).
Geomorphology , 114, 348-360.
Bertoldi W., Gurnell A.M., and Drake N. 2011. The topographic
signature of vegetation development along a braided river:
results of a combined analysis of airborne LiDAR, colour
air photographs and ground measurements. Water Resources
Research , 47, W06525.
Bird S., Hogan D., and Schwab J. 2010. Photogrammetric mon-
itoring of small streams under a riparian forest canopy. Earth
Surface Processes and Landforms , 35, 952-970.
Buffin-Belanger T. and Bergeron 2011. Advances in river ice
sciences. River Research and Applications , 27.
Buscombe D. and Masselink G. 2009. Grain size information
from the statistical properties of digital images of sediment.
Sedimentology , 56, 421-438.
Buscombe D., Rubin D.M., and Warrick J.A. 2010. A universal
approximation of grain size from images of noncohesive
sediment. Journal of Geophysical Research , 115, F02015.
Butler J.B., Lane S.N., and Chandler J.H. 2001. Automated
extraction of grain size data from gravel surfaces using digital
image processing. Journal of Hydraulic Research , 39, 1-11.
Butler J.B., Lane S.N., Chandler J.H., and Porfiri E. 2002.
Through-water close range digital photogrammetry in
flume and field environments. Photogrammetric Record , 17,
419-439.
Carbonneau P.E., Lane S.N., and Bergeron N.E. 2003. Cost-
effective nonmetric close-range digital photogrammetry and
its application to a study of coarse gravel river beds. Interna-
tional Journal of Remote Sensing , 24, 2837-2854.
Carbonneau P.E., Lane S.N., and Bergeron N.E. 2004.
Catchment-scale mapping of surface grain size in gravel
bed rivers using airborne digital imagery. Water Resources
Research , 40, W07202.
Carbonneau P.E., Bergeron, N.E., and Lane S.N. 2005. Texture-
based image segmentation applied to the quantification of
superficial sand in salmonid river gravels. Earth Surface Pro-
cesses and Landforms , 30(1), 121-127.
Couper P.R. and Maddock, I.P. 2001. Subaerial river bank ero-
sion processes and their interaction with other bank erosion
mechanisms on the River Arrow, Warwickshire, UK. Earth
Surface Processes and Landforms , 26(6), 631-646.
Acknowledgements
The authors kindly thank Norbert Landon, Anne Citterio,
Marylise Cottet, Christophe Aloy, Jeremie Riquier who
participate to the field effort and the data production on
the Dr ome, the Ouveze and the Ain Rivers, Jer ome Dube
and Valery Hamel on the rivers of Quebec, and Luca
Zanoni, Martino Salvaro and Matilde Welber for their
help in the Tagliamento river field measurements and
image processing. Stuart Lane and an anonymous referee
provided useful comments and suggestions and helped us
to clarify and improve the chapter.
References
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