Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 3 Weighted average support level (on electricity supported) by technology (
€
/MWh)
Hydro
Wind
Biomass
Biomass
And
waste
Photo-
voltaic
Geo-
thermal
Total
Austria
1.13
21.55
81.12
98.20
263.64
46.49
Belgium
45.17
94.58
96.57
407.42
142.04
Czech
Republic
57.08
63.56
55.06
107.50
432.33
196.32
Estonia
51.61
53.68
53.68
56.25
53.66
Finland
4.20
11.97
6.74
4.20
6.93
France
13.17
33.04
54.85
41.45
477.22
116.00
Germany
48.66
45.43
143.74
25.97
353.82
157.59
130.77
Hungary
71.78
111.48
112.97
108.77
107.33
Italy
70.30
69.00
119.90
367.20
80.00
153.69
Luxembourg
79.33
36.38
70.46
543.43
138.21
Netherlands
103.93
68.47
75.11
41.33
385.88
70.89
Norway
11.27
11.27
Portugal
40.54
42.68
49.16
39.51
291.78
47.03
Romania
59.81
65.17
63.77
78.74
64.39
Slovenia
23.47
95.38
87.24
126.76
343.07
81.05
Spain
39.02
40.94
75.11
31.26
356.76
84.80
Sweden
21.47
UK
64.81
72.71
58.48
62.80
290.37
59.92
Minimum
support
1.13
11.27
6.74
4.20
78.74
80.00
6.93
Maximum
103.93
111.48
143.74
126.76
543.43
157.59
196.32
support
Source
Status review of renewable and energy efciency support schemes in Europe
Ref
C12-SDE-33-03. 3 December 2012 . Revised: 19 February 2013
countries where the bubble is largest. The following graph illustrates the extent of
the support paid for by electricity consumers in each country for each MWh of
electricity consumed in relation to the share attained by renewables. It is noteworthy
that Spanish and Portuguese consumers lead the cost ranking (Fig.
8
).
In theory auction systems (or tendering processes) provide advantages (they
generate competition between developers that maximises ef
ciency, enables the
amount of installed capacity that corresponds to renewable to be monitored, offers
stable returns, etc.). However, not enough have been conducted for it to be possible
to compare all of these advantages properly.
Search WWH ::
Custom Search