Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 1 (continued)
Scenarios
Impact
Study
Country
CO
2
target
RES-E
target
Instrument
CO
2
price
€
/
tCO
2
Retail power prices (%
change with reference to
no policies * or to carbon
price only**)
Policy costs
Unger and
Ahlgren [
24
]
Nordic
countries
30 %
10 %
TEP +
TGCs
14
0 %**
The reduction in CO
2
emissions due to a
TGC system including a quota of only 10 %
is seven times more costly than a TEP system
with the same CO
2
reduction over time. The
cost difference is at its minimum, i.e. roughly
3 times, at a TGC quota of approximately
30 %. For higher TGC quotas than that, there
is hardly any further reduction in CO
2
emissions from the TGC system since all
electricity supply is virtually emission-free
30 %
20 %
TEP +
TGCs
6
−
3.22 %**
Hindsberger
et al. [
16
]
Baltic
region
55.9
Mt
CO2
-
TEP
18
14.49 % (Spot prices)
−
3.42 % (Spot prices)
55.9
Mt
CO2
23.60 %
TEP
+TGCs
7.50
€
De Jonghe
et al. [
10
]
Benelux
20%
-
TEP
20
25 %*
-
20 %
TGCs
-
17.5 %*
France
20 %
-
TEP
20
0 %*
-
20 %
TGCs
-
17.5 %*
Germany
-
-
TEP
20
40 %*
20 %
20 %
TGCs
-
17.5 %*
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