Estimating the Direct Rebound Effect in the Residential Energy Sector: An Application in Spain - Green Energy and Efficiency: An Economic Perspective - page 174

Table 5 Residential demand for electricity
Explanatory variables (a) Explained variable:

ln (electricity
consumption)

(b) Explained variable:
ln (electricity
consumption)

Coef. p-value Coef. p-value

ln (electricity price)

− 0.722*

(0.053)

− 0.708*

(0.055)

Household size (pers)

0.139*** (0.000) 0.138*** (0.000)

Number of working persons

0.018 (0.544) 0.019 (0.499)

− −

Household head female

0.042 (0.347) 0.030 (0.490)

− −

Household head w/secondary education

− 0.061 (0.209) − 0.075 (0.121)

Household head w/higher education

0.033 (0.512) 0.067 (0.182)

− −

Income € 1,500 - 2,500/month

0.029 (0.558) 0.052 (0.288)

Income > € 2 , 500/month

0.023 (0.720) 0.062 (0.326)

ln (surface area of dwelling)

0.075 (0.349) 0.117 (0.140)

− −

Number of rooms

0.029* (0.068) 0.045*** (0.004)

Dwelling rented

0.063 (0.259) 0.019 (0.730)

Household with electric oven

0.083 (0.146) 0.126** (0.026)

Number of TV sets

0.108*** (0.000) 0.099*** (0.000)

Household with tumble dryer

0.165*** (0.001) 0.165*** (0.001)

Household with dishwasher

0.006 (0.893) 0.030 (0.450)

Rated electric power in household

0.100*** (0.000) 0.076*** (0.000)

2-monthly electricity bill

0.329*** ' (0.000) 0.295*** (0.000)

− −

ln(CO 2 emissions)

0.098*** (0.003) 0.020 (0.562)

Natural gas (full) × ln (natural gas price)

0.046*** (0.007)

Electricity (full) × ln (Electricity price)

0.158*** (0.000)

−

Constant

5.426*** (0.000) 5.848*** (0.000)

Observations Adjusted Ff

820 820

0.250 0.293

Dependent variable: log ( electricity consumption )
Note *(p < 0.10), **(p < 0.05), ***(p < 0.01)

cant variables are mostly the same
ones found in panel (a), though they are joined by household with electric oven and
the two interaction terms. In this model, each additional room increases electricity
consumption by 4.5 %. Possession of an electric oven increases electricity con-
sumption by 13.4 % and the 2 - monthly electricity bill variable decreases con-
sumption by 25.5 %, i.e. almost 4 percentage points less than in panel (a).
The new interaction terms in panel (b) are signi

In the model shown in panel (b), the signi

cant at the 1 % level. From

natural gas ( full ) log ( natural gas price ) a positive cross elasticity for electricity

and natural gas is obtained, which means that the two systems are complimentary.

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