Understanding the Link Between Aggregated Industrial Production and the Carbon Price - Green Energy and Efficiency: An Economic Perspective - page 111

respectively 141 MtCO 2 , 92 MtCO 2 and 86 MtCO 2 . The Italian energy giant Enel is
ranked at the fourth position, with CO 2 emissions totaling 78 MtCO 2 . Finally, EDF,
the French group, was in 2011 the

fth biggest emitter with 67 MtCO 2 .
Additional data are available for the year 2011:

The three companies with the highest surplus of freely allocated EUAs were
two steel makers and one cement manufacturer: ArcelorMittal (34 Mt), Corus
(16 Mt) and Lafarge (11 Mt). This ranking is unchanged compared to the
previous year.

￿

The three companies having in 2011 the highest shortage of EU carbon
allowances are all involved in the electricity generation business. 4 These
companies are RWE (shortage of 49 Mt), Vattenfall (27 Mt) and Drax Power
(12 Mt).

￿

The three companies having surrendered the biggest number of Certi ed
Emissions Reductions (CERs) to EU Member States are ArcelorMittal (25
million CERs), Lafarge (11 million CERs) and Enel (7.5 million CERs).

￿

￿ The three companies having surrendered the biggest quantity of Emissions

Reductions Units (ERUs) for 2011 compliance are ThyssenKrupp (8.2 million
ERUs), ArcelorMittal (4 million ERUs) and Repsol (3.5 million ERUs).

ve biggest CO 2 emitters per
country (the United Kingdom, Germany, France, Italy and Spain), taking into
account power plants and factories based on the respective national territory (i.e.
this is not an EU-wide company ranking).
These

Table 1 displays the company rankings of the

gures are characteristic of a wider macroeconomic context of fall in
demand (allowances and energy), mostly due to the economic downturn and mild
temperatures during the reference compliance year.
Note that this diagnostic does not apply uniformly to all EU ETS sectors. For
instance, an increase in CO 2 emissions was recorded in the glass sector (+3 %).

2.1.2 Year 2012

In 2012, installations were long by 164 Mt in 2012 (they emitted 164 million tons
CO 2 less than their number of freely received carbon allowances). 5 This gure is

derived from the veri ed emissions data for 95 % (in volume) of the 11,300

installations included in the trading scheme. It shows that EU ETS installations

(Footnote 3 continued)
installation, or as an existing installation that has experienced a change of its activity “in the nature

or functioning or extension of the installation” . Data on the number of EU carbon allowances

distributed to these new entrants are not made available publicly in the EU carbon registry. Only
the emissions reports of these installations are published.
4 These three companies all have an energy mix with a high proportion of coal- or lignite- red
electricity generation.
5

These gures include the 27 EU countries except Bulgaria and Cyprus.