Recent Advances and Challenges of Monitoring Climate Change from Space - Satellite-based Applications on Climate Change - page 354

observations. Better information services will result in improvements in prediction
capabilities and in the products offered by advances in technology (both hardware
and software). Research will bring new insights via an improved understanding and
use of the data (National Research Council, 2003 ). There are many challenges
related to generating climate data records (CDRs) from international multi-mission
and multi-satellite measurements. First, because each satellite instrument has dif-
ferent spectral, spatial, angular, and temporal measurements, cross-sensor calibra-
tion and validation has become a critical issue. Second, because there are many
satellites in space, international collaboration is needed. Third, satellites provide the
best spatial and temporal coverage; even so, satellite measurements should be
combined with in situ observations and model simulations to monitor and forecast
climate changes. Fourth, in situ ground measurements are essential for monitoring
climate change. Integrating satellite, in situ measurements, model simulation, GIS,
and decision support system (DSS) is the future direction of the Global Earth
Observing System (GEOS) and the GCOS that will span the era of “Satellite
Climatology.”
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