Satellite-Based Ocean Surface Turbulent Fluxes - Satellite-based Applications on Climate Change - page 165

11.4 Satellite-Based Flux Data Sets

By employing the suite of input parameters, satellite-based turbulent fluxes can be
calculated using bulk parameters derived from satellite observations. Widely used
products include the Hamburg Ocean Atmosphere Parameters and Fluxes from
Satellite Data (HOAPS), the Japanese Ocean Flux Data Sets with Use of Remote
Sensing Observations (J-OFURO), and the Goddard Satellite-Based Surface Tur-
bulent Fluxes (GSSTF). These products are discussed below.

11.4.1 HOAPS

HOAPS is produced by University of Hamburg and Max Planck Institute for
Meteorology in Germany. The most recent version is version 3 (HOAPS-3,
Andersson et al. 2010 ). All variables are derived from SSM/I data except for
AVHRR Oceans Pathfinder SST product. A neural network algorithm is used to
derive U . Q a is obtained using the linear relationship of Bentamy et al. ( 2003 ). Q s is
computed from the AVHRR SST using the Magnus formula (Murray 1967 ) with a
constant salinity correction factor of 0.98. T a is estimated from the SST with the
assumptions of 80% constant relative humidity and a constant surface-air tempera-
ture difference of 1 K. Latent and sensible heat fluxes are calculated using the
Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment (COARE) 2.6a bulk algorithm
(Fairall et al. 1996 , 2003 ).
The HOAPS-3 data sets cover the time period from July 1987 to December 2005.
HOAPS-G pentad and monthly data sets with 0.5 resolution and HOAPS-C twice
daily data set with 1 resolution are available at the website ( http://www.hoaps.

zmaw.de ) .

11.4.2 J-OFURO

J-OFURO is produced by the School of Marine Science and Technology at Tokai
University in Japan. The most recent version 2 of J-OFURO (J-OFURO2, Tomita
et al. 2010 )determines U , Q a ,andSST( Q s ) from multisatellite and sensor
observations. U is obtained from a combination of microwave radiometers (SSM/I,
AMSR-E, and TMI) and scatterometers (ERS-1, ERS-2, and QuikSCAT). Q a is
derived from SSM/I measurements. SST is taken from the Merged satellite and in
situ data Global Daily SST (MGDSST) analysis provided by Japanese Meteorologi-
cal Agency (JMA). T a is obtained from NCEP/DOE reanalysis. COARE 3.0 bulk
algorithm (Fairall et al. 2003 ) is used for the transfer coefficients to estimate LHF and
SHF.
The J-OFURO2 turbulent heat fluxes cover the time period from January 1988 to
December 2006. Daily and monthly means with 1 resolution are available at the
website ( http://dtsv.scc.u-tokai.ac.jp/j-ofuro ) .