Information Technology Reference
In-Depth Information
To make the
find
command even more powerful (and harder to determine),
these command-line arguments can be combined into complex expressions
using the
and
(
-a
) and the
or
(
-o
) operators. For example, the expression
-type p -a -user dla
will cause
find
to list only plain (ordinary) files
owned by the user account
dla
.
The following listing shows how the
find
command is used to generate a list
of files. The first
find
command lists all files under the
/export/home/sarah
directory, which is used to generate the
sarah.cpio
archive. The second
cpio
command lists the files under
/etc
that have been modified in the last two
days. The same command is repeated and used as the input
cpio
command
to create the
etc.cpio
archive.
# find /export/home/ambro | cpio -o -O ambro.cpio
544 blocks
# find /etc -mtime -2
/etc/saf/zsmon/_pmpipe
/etc/saf/_sacpipe
/etc/mnttab
/etc/utmppipe
# find /etc/ -mtime -2 | cpio -o -O etc.cpio
16 blocks
#
Summary
A backup strategy typically consists of a periodic full backup, supplemented
by a series of incremental backups. Full backups make it easy to restore entire
systems, but take a lot of time and tape. Incremental backups only back up
what has been changed since the last backup. Combining the two types of
backups into a strategy uses less time and less tape.
The
ufsdump
and
ufsrestore
commands can be used to perform
backup/restore operations on entire UFS file systems (full backup) or select-
ed files/directories (incremental backups). Backups should only be per-
formed on unmounted UFS file systems. To back up a mounted file system,
use the
fssnap
command to take a snapshot of the mounted file system, and
then back up the snapshot.
The
tar
and
cpio
commands can be used to create archives of files and direc-
tories that can be restored on other systems. The
find
command can be used
to select the files/directories to place in the archive.
