System Security and File Permissions - Solaris 9 System Administrator - page 98

Table 4.2 Command-Line Arguments for the ls Command (continued)

Argument Description

-i Lists i-node.

-l Lists file permissions, ACL indication, number of links, owner, group,

byte size, and last modification timestamp.

-L For symbolic links, lists referenced directory/file instead of the link.

-m Lists information across the page, separated by columns.

-n Lists file permissions, ACL indication, number of links, UID of owner,

GID of group, byte size, and last modification timestamp. Same as -l
except UID and GID are listed instead of owner and group.

-o Lists file permissions, ACL indication, number of links, owner, byte size,

and last modification timestamp. Same as -l except does not list group.

-p Marks directories with a trailing forward slash ( / ).

-q Uses the question mark ( ? ) for any non-printing characters in directo-

ry/filenames.

-r Reverses the order of sort (zyx…instead of abc…or oldest instead of

newest).

-R Recursively lists contents of subdirectories.

-s Lists size in blocks (including indirect blocks).

-t Sorts by modification time instead of alphabetically by directory/file.

When combined with -u , sorts by access time and when combined with
-c , sorts by i-node modification time.

-u Uses last access time for sorting and displaying.

-x Multi-column display sorted across the page instead of down the page.

-1 Displays one directory/file per line.

The ls command supports a wide variety of command-line arguments to dis-
play and sort almost everything you would want to know about directories
and files.

The more important command-line options are -a , -d , -F , -l , -r , -R , -t and -1 . Be cer-
tain to understand the effect of these command-line arguments on the information
displayed by the ls command.

When using one of the long listing formats of the ls command ( -g , -l , -n ,
or -o ), the file permissions and additional information are displayed in the
first 11 characters of each directory/file entry displayed. Table 4.3 lists the
characters used in the first character of this file permission field.