Markup Languages: More Than HTML5 - Web Standards: Mastering HTML5, CSS3, and XML - page 61

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(X)HTML 5.1, (X)HTML 5.2, and Beyond
On December 17, 2012, the W3C published the Candidate Recommendation of HTML5 [30], and introduced the first
minor revision of HTML5 under the name HTML 5.1 (and its XML serialization as XHTML 5.1) [31].
This new version added new features for web applications and new elements based on developers' feedback.
From this version onward, the W3C will separate controversial or unstable parts of the specification into extension
specifications if needed (such as HTML 5.2 on the roadmap). This makes it possible to finalize the core specification
in a relatively short timeframe without affecting quality (the approach of the original editorial team of HTML5 was
proved inefficient and the standardization of HTML5 was progressing too slowly).
Markup Syntaxes
While similar, there are some significant differences between the HTML and the XHTML syntax as described in the
following sections.
The HTML Syntax
The individual markup components are called elements . In HTML, keywords provided in angle brackets called tags
delimit document fragments to which they are applied. Elements should have a starting tag and an ending tag in the
form shown in Listing 3-10.
Listing 3-10. Pseudocode of Starting and Closing Tags
<element_name> element_content </element_name>
The start tag contains the name of the element, surrounded by angle brackets (in the form <element> ). Element
features such as appearance, behavior, or functioning are determined by the optional attributes specified on the start
tag (Figure 3-1 ). They are separated by spaces.