Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 3.5 Estimated average cost function for UV-Based AOP in 2008 CDN dollars
Disinfection Technology
Average Cost function
Predicted cost per cubic meter in
Can $ based on plant with daily
capacity in m 3
100 m 3
200 m 3
500 m 3
y = 0.7576x 0.3394
UV-Based AOP
0.21
0.18
0.14
Details of the NLLS estimate are shown in Appendix B . We included an
additional cost for
filtration for surface waters for this AOP of 5 cents per cubic
meter in the predicted costs in Table 3.5 . We estimate that Class 5 treatment can
cost $0.21 per cubic meter for a small plant with a daily capacity of 100 m 3 . Note
that our statistical modeling estimation, based on data supplied by manufacturers,
indicates that this Advanced Oxidation Process is cheaper than ozonation and will
remove a number of micro-pollutants (see description in Table 3.3 ). When plant-
speci
c costs are taken into account, our information indicates that a representative
plant at a scale of 3800 cubic meters per day would cost around $0.45 per cubic
meter (in 2008 Canadian dollars). 7
We hasten to add that our cost estimation models yield what we can call
rst
approximation costs
and what is the most appropriate technology will depend on
site-speci
c (i.e. the particular location) factors. It is best left to the consulting
engineers to do a thorough cost estimation for speci
c sites.
3.5 Reverse Osmosis and Nano
ltration (Class 6)
Reverse Osmosis and Nano Filtration, which can also remove salinity, is classi
ed
as Class 6. Dore ( 2005 ) shows that for a
flow rate of 5,000 cubic meters per day,
the cost of producing drinking water was US $0.50 per cubic meter per day in 2005.
In a later article, Fritzmann et al. ( 2007 ) put the costs at actual desalination plants to
be between US$0.48 and $0.53 cents. Finally, in a comprehensive review of the
cost of desalination literature, Karagiannis and Soldatos ( 2008 ) show that for
capacities between 500 and 1,000 m 3 , RO costs range from US$0.75 cents to
$3.93 per m 3 per day. For capacities less than 1000 m 3 , they
nd that the costs
range from US $2.22 to as much as $19 per m 3 per day. All authors mentioned here
recognize the importance of economies of scale in the determination of unit costs.
To some extent, RO with granular activated carbon is a
tech-
nology, mainly suitable for large systems, and so RO and other such technologies
are considered in greater detail in Chap. 4 .
We can also compare the above cost data with the costs of a Point-of-use (POU)
Reverse osmosis system. POU costs range from 2.5 to 5 cents per liter or $25 to $50
state-of-the-art
7 Personal communication from Mr. Morris McCormick, Drinking water treatment plant, City of
Cornwall, Ontario.
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