Water Treatment Technologies and Their Costs - Global Drinking Water Management and Conservation - page 40

Table 3.3 (continued)
Technology Description Treatment

class

Ozonation d ￿ Ozonation systems utilize the ability of ozone to

inactivate microorganisms through oxidation

Class 4

￿ The system consists of an ozone pretreatment unit, a

BioSand filter and a BioCarbon lter

￿ The roughing filtration system removes suspended

solids and coliforms as well as some Cryptosporidium
￿ The BioSand Filter is used to treat parasites, color,
cysts, manganese, mercury, iron and turbidity while
the BioCarbon Filter treats dissolved organic carbon,
tannins, pesticides, iron, bacteria, color and odors
￿ MINIMUM PLANT SIZE: 11.4 m 3 /day

Advanced Oxidation
(based on UV)

￿ A UV-oxidation process designed to provide disin-

fection and Taste &Odor treatment; it destroys
Geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol

Class 5

￿ Also removes pharmaceutical, personal care products,

pesticides and trace contaminants
￿ System consists of a UV reactor, H 2 O 2 dosage and
storage system. We assume some filtration system to
remove sediments (e.g. sand filtration) would be
required and is included in the cost
￿ MINIMUM PLANT SIZE: 818 m 3 /day

RO-NF e ￿ Removes all suspended solids, viruses, bacteria,

pathogens and all forms of biological contaminants

Class 6

Removes mono and multivalent ions, salts and
organics
￿ Essentially passes only pure water. Smallest pore size
for membranes to date
￿ MINIMUM PLANT SIZE: 1893 m 3 /day
a Produced by Veolia Water Solutions & Technologies in France under subsidiaries John Meunier
and Kruger USA
b Produced by Trojan Technologies in Canada
c MF and UF information obtained from Koch Membrane Systems and Lenntech Water Treatment
Solutions
d Information for ozonation obtained from Mainstream Water Solutions Inc.
e A thorough description can be obtained from Koch Membrane Systems

￿

Table 3.4 shows the estimated cost functions for the various technologies 5
described above with the functional form yi i ¼ b 1 X b 2

þ e i where y i is the average

i

5 Data were obtained from John Meunier Inc (for HRC), Kruger USA (Acti oc), Trojan Tech-
nologies (UV), KOCH Membrane (MF-UF), US Filter, Memcor (MF-UF) and Mainstream Water
Solutions Inc. Data for HRC and MF-UF were in US dollars and were converted to Canadian
dollars. However, all data were converted to a base year (2008) in Canadian dollars for proper
comparison.