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Fig. 12.11 Wastewater charge index compared to in ation from 2000 to 2009 (Reproduced from
ATT et al. 2011)
states, and so on (Federal Association of the German Gas and Water Industries &
German Association for Water, Wastewater, and Waste (BGW and DWA) 2005 ,as
cited in Althoff 2007 ).
12.7.4 International Price Comparison
In Germany, each water connection has a water meter to measure water consump-
tion, but that is not the case in all European countries. For example, recently in
England, only 20 percent of households had water meters, while the remaining water
consumption was based on estimates, , but that is now changing. By 2015, up to 92
percent of consumers in the southeast of England who get their water from
Southern
Water
will be metered in line with the rest of Europe (see Chap. 5 ). In 2003, the
drinking water costs in Germany were 82 euros per capita per year, which was
ranked as the third highest costs, after England and Wales with 92 euros and France
with 85 euros. The wastewater charges were 111 euros per capita per year, followed
by England/Wales with 93 euros and France with 90 euros. However, factors such as
state subsidies, allowances and differences in performance level are not considered
in this comparison. The wastewater charges in England and Wales could be higher
than those in Germany if such factors are included in the cost comparison (VEWA-
Studie 2006 , as cited in Althoff 2007 ). As noted by Althoff,
one should judge an
international comparison of water price very critically, because in many cases the
water prices do not re
ect the real or actual costs for water supply.
In Europe, as
elsewhere, water prices are often in
uenced by political considerations as subsidies
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