Mountain Rivers and Incised Channels - River Dynamics and Integrated River Management - page 165

Table 3.7 Strategies to control riverbed incision (after Bravard et al., 1999)

(a) Control incision with structures

Strategies Potential benefits Location and reference

Preservation of
quake lakes

Creation of knickpoint and
stabilization of stream
profile

Dadu River at the east margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
(Ouimet et al., 2007); Tributaries of the Fujiang, Tuojiang,
Minjiang, and Jialing rivers in the Wenchuan earthquake
area in southwestern China (Wang et al., 2009)

Weirs Control downward cutting

of the bed

Giffre River (SOGREAH, 1988); Arve River (Peiry et al.,
1994); Rhone River (Klingeman et al., 1994, 1998);
western Iowa (Lohnes, 1997); Northern Mississippi
(Mendrop and Little, 1997); southwestern U.S. (Debano
and Schmidt, 1989)

Spur dikes Increase channel stability Rhone River (Klingeman et al., 1994, 1998)

Drop pipe
structures

Control head cut migration Yazoo Basin, Mississippi (Smiley et al., 1997)

Bank protection Prevent outflanking

Channel widening Reduce unit stream power

and shear stress

Emme River, Switzerland (Jaeggi, 1989)

Compound
channel creation

Reduce unit stream power
and shear stress

Miller Creek, California (Haltiner et al., 1996)

Beaver
re-establishment

Dams control slope and
trap sediment

western U.S. and Cooper Creek, Idaho (Marston, 1994)

Restriction of
grazing

Enhance riparian
vegetation

western U.S. (Platts and Nelson, 1989; Chaney et al., 1990)

Channel armoring Streams in Germany (Kern, 1994)

Channel relocation Danube River, Germany (Kern, 1992)

Weirs, spur dikes,
drop pipe
structures

Improve aquatic habitat Twentymile Creek, Mississippi (Shields and Hoover, 1991);

northwest Mississippi (Shields et al., 1993,1995a);
Goodwin Creek, Mississippi (Cooper et al., 1997);
Yazoo Basin, Mississippi (Smiley et al., 1997)

(b) Control incision by increasing bed load supply

Strategies Potential benefits Location and reference

Supply bed load
from upstream

Hill slope destabilization
or landslide reactivation

Drome River (Piegay et al., 1997)

Ainive, France (Bravard et al., 1990); Russian River,
California (Florsheim and Goodwin, 1995); Drome River
(Piegay et al., 1996a); southeastem France (Piegay et al.,
1996b); Loire River, France (Bazin and Gautier, 1996)

Supply bed load
from floodplain

Dike destruction and/or
streamway preservation

Increasing bed
load by artificial
input (gravel
dumping)

Rhine River, Germany (Kuhl, 1992); Danube River, Austria
(Golz, 1994); Rhone River (Klingeman et al., 1994, 1998);
Meuse River, Netherlands (Klassan et al., 1998);

Increase bed load
by land use
approaches

Southwestern U.S. (DeBano and Schmidt, 1989); western
USA (Chaney et al., 1990)

Improve connectivity
between groundwater,
floods, and ecological
units

Floodplain
excavation

southwestern Germany (Kern, 1992); Sweden (Petersen et al.,
1992); Rhone River (Piegay et al., 1997b)

Abandoned
channel
excavation

Rhone River (Henry and Amoros, 1995)

Artificial
groundwater
supply

Rhone River (Stroffek et al., 1996; Fruget and Michelot,
1997)