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Table 6.2 Comparison of testing error of second face set (Fig. 6.4 )
Test face
6.4 a
6.4 b
6.4 c
6.4 d
6.4 e
Test error (MSE)
3.11e-04
6.10e-03
4.90e-03
6.21e-04
7.32e-04
6.5 Inferences and Discussion
High-dimensional neural networks have been developed independently of their sim-
ilarity or unsimilarity to biological neural network. Nevertheless, many of their
applications are oriented to solution of the problems, which are natural for human
intelligence. The 3D vector-valued neural network and the corresponding 3D vector
version of the back-propagation algorithm (3DV-BP) are natural extensions of the
neural network of single and two dimensions. The 3DV-BP can be applied to mul-
tilayered neural networks whose threshold values, input, and output signals are all
3D real valued vectors, and whose weights are all 3D orthogonal matrices. It has
been well established in this chapter through variety of computational experiments
that 3DV-BP has ability to learn 3D motion. It is hence clear that phase information
of each point can effectively be maintained along with the decrease in the num-
ber of input parameters when solving the problem at hand—function mapping or
classification.
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