Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
The steps to set up the HIL experiment are:
• Program, in Arduino language, the torque controller, (Euler numerical inte-
gration has been used) and download it to the hardware.
• Reconfigure the Simulink FAST WT simulator in order to communicate with
the hardware inputs and outputs.
• Hardware interface via Universal Serial Bus (USB) port.
• Sampling period of 0.3 s due to single channel communication management
via USB.
• The Matlab Real-Time Sync block allows to synchronize the Simulink model
with the real-time clock. Simulink is run in normal mode.
• To run in real-time we use a fixed-step solver with appropriate step size.
The Arduino and Matlab scripts as well as the Simulink diagram are given in
the Appendix.
15.3 Onshore Reference Wind Turbine
The experimental setup is carried out by means of the onshore version of the 5 MW
reference wind turbine described in [
9
]. The parameters of the turbine are summa-
rized in Table
15.2
. This topic chapter deals with the full load region of operation,
that is where the wind speed is above its rated value. The proposed torque and pitch
controllers main task is that the electric power follows the rated power of 5 MW.
15.4 Wind Modeling
In fluid dynamics, turbulence is a flow regime characterized by chaotic property
changes. This includes low momentum diffusion, high momentum convection, and
rapid variation of pressure and velocity in space and time. In the simulations in this
topic chapter, new wind data sets are generated with TurbSim [
10
], a stochastic,
full-field, turbulent-wind simulator developed by NREL. TurbSim generates a
rectangular grid which holds the wind data. In the input text file, that TurbSim uses
as an input, we define:
• Grid settings and position matched with the rotor diameter, and the center of
the grid positioned at hub height. This represents a grid size of 130
130 m
2
centered at 19.55 m.
• The Kaimal turbulence model is selected.
• The turbulence intensity is set to 10 %.
• Normal wind type is chosen with a logarithmic profile.
• Reference height is set to 90.25 m. This is the height where the mean wind
speed is simulated.
• Mean (total) wind speed is set to 18.2 m/s.
