Environmental Engineering Reference
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Fig. 12.2 Seismic hazard map of Europe with annotation of suitable site for wind power
installation with average wind speed at 50 m from the ground[5 m/s and of wind power installed
in each country by the end of 2012
In practice, the evaluation of earthquake effects can be performed through
different approaches, depending on the aim of the investigation. Focusing on the
treatment of seismic effects on wind turbine, besides the usual building codes such
as Eurocode (EC), International Building Code (IBC), and German code (DIN),
one may refer to the following special guidelines for wind turbine:
• IEC, EN 61400-1:2005 + A1:2010: Design requirements [ 19 ];
• Det Norske Veritas and Risø National Laboratory, Guidelines for Design of
Wind Turbines 2002 [ 14 ];
• American Wind Energy Association-AWEA, ASCE/AWEA RP2011: Rec-
ommended Practice for Compliance of Large Land-based Wind Turbine Sup-
port Structures 2011 [ 6 ];
• Germanischer Lloyd Industrial Service-GL, Guideline for the certification of
wind turbine GL-Chap. 2.4.2 [ 17 ];
• Danish Standards-DS, DS472 1992 [ 10 ];
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