Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
In addition to an evaluation of the fault effects, this chapter presents several
contributions to the problem of sustainable wind turbine based on FTTC. The
advantages of the use of PMIO based sensor FTC over the generalised observer-
based sensor FTC are clearly given as: (i) Obviate the need for residual evaluation
and observer switching; (ii) Ability to tolerate simultaneous generator and rotor
rotational speed sensor faults; (iii) The PMIO simultaneously estimates the states
and the sensor fault signals. Hence, information about the fault severity can also be
obtained through the fault estimation signals, and (iv) The new fuzzy PMIO
scheme is shown to cover a wide range of sensor fault scenarios.
7.8 Future Research
Although in this chapter new strategy has been proposed to overcome several
challenges involved within the FTC framework, some improvements are still
required to handle further challenges. Further research suggestions are addressed
as follows:
• Owing to the presence of several redundant measurements in wind turbine
systems, designing an integrated FDD/FTC based static virtual sensor is one of
the approaches that can maintain the nominal performance of wind turbine
control over a wide range of operation conditions.
• The problem of uncertainty of k
opt
due to turbine ageing and blade deformation
together with the uncertainty in the measured wind speed represent real chal-
lenges to power optimisation control problem. Therefore, robust estimation of
these variables based on the wind turbine aerodynamic subsystem can ensure
good power transformation performance.
• Due to the ability of sliding mode control (SMC) to tolerate matched faults
without the need for additional analytical redundancy, the use of SMC within
fault estimation and compensation framework could substantially enhance the
fault tolerance capability of the control system.
References
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F-16 aircraft using adaptive control. IEEE Control Syst 11(1):73-78
2. Alwi H, Edwards C (2008) Fault tolerant control using sliding modes with on-line control
allocation. Automatica 44(7):1859-1866
3. Amirat Y, Benbouzid MEH, Al-Ahmar E, Bensaker B, Turri S (2009) A brief status on
condition monitoring and fault diagnosis in wind energy conversion systems. Renew Sustain
Energy Rev 13(9):2629-2636
4. Benosman M, Lum KY (2010) Passive actuators' fault-tolerant control for affine nonlinear
systems. IEEE Trans Control Syst Technol 18(1):152-163
