Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
(a)
Optim al & a
c
tual
ω
g
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
Optimal
ω
g
55
Actual
ω
g
50
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Tim e(s)
(b)
Optim al & a
c
tual
ω
r
1
Optimal
ω
0.95
r
Actual
ω
r
0.9
0.85
0.8
0.75
0.7
0.65
0.6
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Tim e(s)
Fig. 7.13
1.1 sensor scale fault decelerate x
g
a and x
r
b
to rotate according to the available wind speed. Figure
7.14
shows the effect of
the 0.9 sensor fault without compensation. On the other hand Fig.
7.15
, shows the
time variations of x
r
& x
g
in response to the proposed sensor FTTC strategy.
The generator rotational speed sensor fault estimation signals for both 0.9 and
1.1 scale factor fault scenarios are shown in Fig.
7.16
.
The T-S PMIO can provide information about the fault severity via the fault
estimation signal. This is achieved through taking the ratio between the measured
generator speed and the estimated signal. Hence, if there are no faults the ratio
should be 1 otherwise any deviation from unity indicates the occurrence of the
fault and the magnitude of the deviation represents the fault severity. Figure
7.17
shows the fault evaluation signal for both fault scenarios.
It should be noted that maintaining state estimation without changes during the
whole range of operation is due to the fact that the fuzzy PMIO performs implicit
