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b) Every regular language has a proper subset that is also a regular language
c)
If L is regular, then so is
{
xy
|
x
L and y
L
}
L and w R
If L is a regular language, then so is
{
w : w
L
}
d)
w = w R
{
w
|
}
e)
is regular
STATE MINIMIZATION
4.26 Find a minimal-state FSM equivalent to that shown in Fig. 4.33 .
4.27 Show that the languages recognized by M and M
is the equiv-
alence relation on M defined by states that are indistinguishable by input strings of any
length.
4.28 Show that the equivalence relation R L is right-invariant.
4.29 Show that the equivalence relation R M is right-invariant.
4.30 Show that the right-invariance equivalence relation (defined in Definition 4.7.2 )forthe
language L =
are the same, where
a n b n
has an unbounded number of equivalence classes.
4.31 Show that the DFSM in Fig. 4.20 is the machine M L associated with the language
L =( 10 1 + 0 ) .
{
|
n
0
}
PUSHDOWN AUTOMATA
4.32 Construct a pushdown automaton that accepts the following language: L =
{
w
|
w is
a string over the alphabet Σ=
{
( , )
}
}
.
4.33 Construct a pushdown automaton that accepts the following language: L =
of balanced parentheses
{
w
|
w
}
contains more 1's than 0's
.
0
0
Start
q 0
q 1
0
1
1
1
q 2
q 3
0
Figure 4.33 A four-state finite-state machine.
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