Bacterial Degradation of Textile Dyes - Microbial Degradation of Synthetic Dyes in Wastewaters - page 256

gas solubility in water bodies and their toxicity has been investigated in numerous
researches. Dyes are dif cult to be decolorized due to their complex structure,

synthetic origin and recalcitrant nature. Hence, it becomes obligatory to remove
them from industrial ef

uents before being disposed into water bodies. The deg-
radation and decolorization of textile dyes within safer limits prior to release from
treatment plant is essential for environmental safety. In this context, several workers
have reported degradation and decolorization of dyes by using bacteria and fungus
under different environmental conditions (pH, temperature, salinity, anaerobic/
aerobic, nutrients, etc.). Besides, many researchers have studied the use of bacterial
consortium for dye degradation. In addition to the bacterial consortium, a detailed
study is needed for the use of bacterial granules in bioremediation of dye

wastewaters.

8 Future Prospectives

Biodegradation of textile dyes using different microbes, like bacteria, fungi, and
algae has become a promising approach for the treatment of different dyes from
industrial wastewaters. To improve the degradation potential of microorganisms,
they can be exposed gradually to higher concentration of dyes which will ultimately
make them acclimatize and evolve. It has been observed that the microbial com-
munities adapting to higher concentrations of dyes showed better decolorization
ability. In this process, the up regulated genes and proteins can be explored further
for designing the microbes with enhanced degradation capabilities. Development of
aerobic granules is a promising technique for the treatment of wastewater with high
strength of textile dye. This granular system may be helpful in many conditions and
can be operated for the treatment of larger organic loads. The granular system has
good settling capacity which can treat the ef uents better than any conventional

systems. The formation of these granules and mechanisms of degradation of high
organic loads and their application for different industrial ef

uent needs to be
explored in depth for their application at a large scale for removal of dyes from
wastewater.

References

Adav SS, Lee DJ, Lai JY (2009) Functional consortium from aerobic granules under high organic
loading rates. Bioresour Technol 100:3465 - 3470
Adav SS, Lee DJ, Show KY, Tay JH (2008) Aerobic granular sludge: recent advances. Biotechnol
Adv 26:411 423

An H, Qian Y, Gu XS, Tang WZ (1996) Biological treatment of dye wastewaters using an
anaerobic-oxic system. Chemosphere 33:2533

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Anjaneyulu Y, Chary NS, Raj DSS (2005) Decolorization of industrial efuents

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methods and emerging technologies — a review. Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol 4:245 273

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