Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Fig. 4 Mechanism of
degradation of reactive blue
59 by Alishewanella sp. strain
KMK6 (Kolekar and Kodam
2012 )
O
Cu
O
N
NHCl
N
N N
A. m/z: 478
E. m/z: 93
NH 2
aniline
OH
HO
NH 2
H 2 N
N N
(E)-2-(5-aminodiazonylphenol)-6-aminonaphthalen-1-ol
B. m/z: 294
Azoreductase
OH
HO
NH 2
H 2 N
NH 2
H 2 N
2,6-diaminonaphthalen-1-ol
2,5-diaminophenol
C. m/z: 174
D. m/z: 124
Complite mineralization
P-450 and also many reductases, such as azoreductase, NADH
DCIP reductase,
-
and malachite green reductase in
uence the status of biotransformation enzymes
(Wang et al. 2012 ). The role of cytosolic enzymes, like oxidase, DCIP reductase,
and azoreductase in dye decolorization is well documented (Phugare et al. 2010 ;
Kolekar and Kodam 2012 ).
6 Microbial Toxicity of Dyes and Their Degradation
Products
The color in wastewater is highly visible and affects aesthetics, water transparency
and gas solubility in water bodies, The toxicity (i.e. mortality, genotoxicity,
mutagenicity and carcinogenicity) studies include the tests with aquatic organisms
(
sh, algae, bacteria, etc.), mammals and plants. The acute toxicity of dyestuffs is
generally low. Algal growth in presence of different commercial dyestuffs was not
inhibited at dye concentrations below 1 ppm, whereas the growth was severely
inhibited at higher concentrations. The most acutely toxic dyes for algae are cat-
ionic basic dyes (Greene and Baughman 1996 ). Fish mortality tests showed that
 
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