Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
11 Conclusion
Degradation of hazardous dyes may be possible with three well known methods;
physical, chemical and biological. The biological degradation or biodegradation of
synthetic dyes using microbes is safe, economical and eco-friendly. A wide variety
of microorganisms including, algae, bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi may be used
for biodegradation process. Microbial degradation of hazardous dyes is well known
and currently being adopted as a better alternative for degradation. The enzymes
produced by a range of microbes, are commercially much important and are also
used for the degradation of a large class of pollutants or xenobiotics. Some fungal
strains, like Phanerocheate chrysosporium, Aspergillus avus, A. niger, Tricho-
derma harzianum etc. are well known for the production of laccases, peroxidases
and ligninases. These fungal enzymes are used for degradation of a range of organic
toxic compounds including synthetic dies.
Acknowledgments The authors are thankful to the Head of the Department of Botany, University
of Delhi, Delhi for providing necessary facilities during the work.
References
Aiquel F, Herraro FJ (1948) The action of dyes on the development of Aspergillus niger and
Aspergillus
avus. Arch Farm Bioquim Tucumdn 4:149
180
Aksu Z (2005) Application of biosorption for the removal of organic pollutants: a review. Process
Biochem 40:997
-
1026
Asgher M, Bhatti HN, Shah SAH, Javaid AM, Legge RL (2007) Decolorization potential of mixed
microbial consortia for reactive and disperse textile dyestuffs. Biodegradation 18:311
-
316
Bajpai P (1999) Application of enzymes in the pulp and paper industry. Biotechnol Prog
57:147
-
157
Bakshi DK, Gupta KG, Sharma P (1999) Enhanced biodecolorization of synthetic textile dye
ef
uent by Phanerochaete chrysosporium under
-
improved culture conditions. World J
Microbiol Biotechnol 15:507
-
509
Banat IM, Nigam P, Singh D, Marchant R (1996) Microbial decolorization of textile-dye-
containing efuents: A review. Bioresour Technol 58:217
-
227
Basu SN, Whitaker DR (1953) Inhibition and stimulation of the cellulase of Myrothecium
verrucaria. Arch Biochem Biophys 42:12
24
Bavendamm W (1928) Uber das vorkommen und den nachweis von oxydasen bei holzzersto-
renden pilzen. Z Panzenkr Panzenschutz 38:257
-
276
Bennett DJ, Dence CW, Kung FL, Luner P, Ota M (1971) The mechanism of color removal in the
treatment of spent bleaching liquor with lime. Tappi 54(12):2019
-
2026
Berka RM, Schneider P, Golightly EJ, Brown SH, Madden M, Brown KM, Halkier T, Mondorf K,
Xu F (1997) Characterization of the gene encoding an extracellular laccase of Myceliophthora
thermophila and analysis of the recombinant enzyme expressed in Aspergillus oryzae. Appl
Environ Microbiol 63:3151
-
3157
Boopathy R (2000) Factors limiting bioremediation technologies. Bioresour Technol 74:63
-
67
Brown JP (1981) Reduction of polymeric azo and nitro dyes by intestinal bacteria. Appl Environ
Microbiol 41(5):1283
-
1286
-
Search WWH ::
Custom Search