Microbial Decolorization of Triphenylmethane Dyes - Microbial Degradation of Synthetic Dyes in Wastewaters - page 167

Table 1 TPM dyes most frequently used in decolorization studies
Dye C.I.

Name

C.I.
Number

References

λ

max
(nm)

Acid fuchsin Basic

Red 9

42500 544 Ren et al. ( 2006 ), Casas et al. ( 2009 ), El-

Sheekh et al. ( 2009 ), Jing et al. ( 2009 )

Brilliant green Basic

Green 1

42040 623 Ren et al. ( 2006 ), Casas et al. ( 2009 ), El-

Sheekh et al. ( 2009 ), Jing et al. ( 2009 ),
Kumar et al. ( 2012 )

Bromophenol
blue

Not
available

Not
available

590 Ren et al. ( 2006 ), Gomaa et al. ( 2008 ),

Saparrat et al. ( 2008 ), Casas et al. ( 2009 ),
Kumar et al. ( 2012 ), Przysta ś et al.

( 2013 )

Cotton blue Acid

Blue 93

42780 620 Jadhav and Govindwar ( 2006 ), Saratale

et al. ( 2006 ), Shedbalkar et al. ( 2008 )

Crystal violet Basic

Violet 3

42555 530 Jang et al. ( 2005 ), Š afa ří kova et al.

( 2005 ), Eichlerov á et al. ( 2006a ), Jadhav
and Govindwar ( 2006 ), Chen et al.
( 2007 , 2008 ), Š afa ří k et al. ( 2007 ),
Abedin ( 2008 ), Youssef et al. ( 2008 ),
Moturi and Singara Charya ( 2009 ), Yan
et al. ( 2009 ), Ayed et al. ( 2010 ), Gha-
semzadeh et al. ( 2011 ), Pandey et al.
( 2011 ), Parshetti et al. ( 2011 ), Torres
et al. ( 2011 ), Yang et al. ( 2011a , 2013 ),
Cheriaa et al. ( 2012 )

Malachite
green

Basic
Green 4

42000 615 Jang et al. ( 2004 ), Levin et al. ( 2004 ),

Oranusi and Mbah ( 2005 ), Eichlerov á
et al. ( 2006a , b ), Jadhav and Govindwar
( 2006 ), Papinutti et al. ( 2006 ), Parshetti
et al. ( 2006 ), Ren et al. ( 2006 ), Saratale
et al. ( 2006 ), Daneshvar et al. ( 2007 ),
Abedin ( 2008 ), Deng et al. ( 2008 ),
Jadhav et al. ( 2008 ), Youssef et al.
( 2008 ), Ayed et al. ( 2009 , 2010 ), Jing
et al. ( 2009 ), Moturi and Singara Charya
( 2009 ), Chen et al. ( 2010 ), Du et al.
( 2011 ), Shedbalkar and Jadhav ( 2011 ),
Vasdev et al. ( 2011 ), Yang et al. ( 2011a ,
2013 ), Cheriaa et al. ( 2012 ), Jasi

ska
et al. ( 2012 , 2013 ), Karimi et al. ( 2012 ),
Lv et al. ( 2013 ), Mukherjee and Das
( 2013 ), Yan et al. ( 2014 )

ń

Bioelimination of TPM dyes can take place in two ways: by biomass sorption/
accumulation (when the original structure of the dyes remains intact) or by bio-
degradation/biotransformation processes (Ali 2010 ). The process of biosorption can
occur in either living or dead biomass. However, during accumulation, dyes are
deposited inside actively growing cells (dos Santos et al. 2007 ). The ef

ciency of
these processes depends on the chemical structure and the concentration of