Microbial Degradation of Basic Dyes in Wastewaters - Microbial Degradation of Synthetic Dyes in Wastewaters - page 101

adsorbent. Further, lms for immobilization of lignin

degrading fungi or their enzymes for continuous use in wastewater treatment is yet
another challenge for the future.

the availability of bio

8 Conclusions

Dyestuffs and dye wastewater accumulation create not only environmental pollu-
tion, but also medical and aesthetic problems. Regulations are becoming more
stringent day-by-day and hence there is an urgent need to develop technically
feasible and cost-effective treatment methods. Different physical and chemical
methods have been employed for the treatment of synthetic dye wastewaters. These
methods mostly suffer from serious limitations like high cost, low ef ciency, lim-

ited versatility, and production of secondary pollution (sludge), etc. In contrast,
bioremediation is an ef cient, eco-friendly, cost-effective and environmentally

benign approach for the removal of dyes from industrial wastewaters. A large
number of lab-scale studies have demonstrated the decolorization of dye solutions
using pure and mixed cultures; however, there is still a need to generate compar-
ative performance data on the decolorization of industrial dye ef

uents. Further, to
ensure the safety of the decolorized wastewater, studies should be conducted on the
toxicity of the treated ef

uent/dye solution. Based on the successful laboratory
results, efforts should then be made to scale-up further at commercial scale and
apply bio-based decolorization techniques in treating real uents.

Moreover, the techniques of molecular biology and biochemistry coupled with the
latest advances in genomics and proteomics revolutionizing various aspects of
fundamental biological science offers a wide range of possibilities for enhancing the
performance of microbial treatment of dye-containing wastewater.

industrial ef

Acknowledgement Mrs. Poornima Mongolla acknowledges the nancial assistance extended in
the form of Senior Research Fellowship by the Council of Scientic and Industrial Research, New
Delhi, India.

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