Nanostructured Nitrogen Doping TiO Nanomaterials for Photoanodes of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells - Low-cost Nanomaterials: Toward Greener and More Efficient Energy Applications - page 57

Fig. 1 X-ray diffraction patterns. a N-doped ST-01 and pristine ST-01 powders; b N-doped P25
and pristine P25 powders
Fig. 2 UV-Vis absorption spectra of of N-doped ST-01 powders treated under different
conditions: a in different sintering atmosphere; b at different temperature for 30 min [ 23 ]
The dry method is an aftertreatment process for N-doping which requires a high
sintering temperature. Besides, this method can be controlled by adjusting the
N-containing atmosphere and sintering temperature to get different N-doped TiO 2
materials. However, the high temperature sintering of TiO 2 may also lead to a
degree of nanoparticles aggregation.
2.2 Chemical Wet Method
The wet method is widely used to synthesize TiO 2 nanomaterials. Until now, the
wet method has been one the most successful methods for doping because of its
convenient control of titanium sources, the nitrogen doping amount, and hydro-
lysis condition. In addition, simple variations in experimental conditions can lead
to the required particle size and crystal structures, such as the hydrolysis rate of
titanium alkoxide, pH of solvent solution, and solvent systems [ 37 ]. Besides, the