Phase Change Material Particles and Their Application in Heat Transfer Fluids - Low-cost Nanomaterials: Toward Greener and More Efficient Energy Applications - page 474

of heat transfer fluids. Synthesis processes of PCM particles are usually catego-
rized into two groups: chemical processes and physical processes. A major
chemical process is the in situ polymerization, which has been widely used to
fabricate polymer-paraffin microcapsules. The interfacial hydrolysis method was
recently developed to synthesize silica-NPG microcapsules. Physical methods
include spray drying and direct emulsification processes, which are capable of
producing PCM particles smaller than 1 lm. Many interesting properties have
been reported in these PCM particles and PCM fluids. For example, the use of low-
melting metallic nanoparticles, such as Field's metal and Indium, can increase the
fluid conductivity and heat capacity simultaneously in the base fluids. In the
ethanol-in-PAO nanoemulsion fluids, explosive vaporization of the dispersed
nanodroplets would significantly improve the heat transfer.

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