Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Fig. 25 The J-V characteristics of the roll-to-roll processed devices utilizing different thickness
polymer anodes
Table 9 The device performances with respect to the device size which was fabricated by the
roll-to-roll coating
Jsc (A/cm
2
)
Rs (Xcm
2
)
p(Xcm
2
)
Voc (V)
FF (%)
PCE (%)
0.00785 cm
2
11.57
0.58
53.64
3.60
8.66
468.9
4cm
2
10.79
0.58
36.94
2.31
23.59
154.62
6cm
2
10.66
0.58
38.94
2.41
22.87
181.56
12 cm
2
10.01
0.55
29.08
1.60
33.87
79.07
efficiency is reduced when the device size is increased. This is the result of a
number of factors, including reduced fill factor, increased series resistance, and
reduced shunt resistance. The blade-coated device showed better efficiency than
the spin-coated device. The spin coated samples have lots of voids and aggregated
particles in the polymer film as shown in Fig.
26
. The shunt resistance of the spin
coated device in the Table
10
is significantly reduced in device sized in 6 cm
2
.
This causes the lower fill factor and then lower efficiency.
2.5.4 Non-conventional Fabrication Methods Toward All-Solution
Processed Polymer Solar Cells
As mentioned earlier materials such as ITO, MoO
3
, and Ag have to be replaced
with soluble materials to enable all-solution processes. Here we aim to replace the
layers by polymer cathode, PEDOT:PSS and Ag nanoparticle ink, respectively, all
in solution phase. To realize all-solution processable OPVs using these materials,
the work function of the polymer anode should be modified with interfacial layer
to create interface dipole and lower the work function [
10
]. Among the various
materials, ammonium/amino-based organic surfactant is appropriate for the solu-
tion process such as roll-to-roll process. In addition, the PEDOT:PSS should has a
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