Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Flexural members
NOTATION
A
cp
=
area enclosed by outside perimeter of concrete cross section,
in.
2
(mm
2
)
A
f
=
area of FRP reinforcement in
2
. (mm
2
)
A
fb
= area of flexural reinforcement producing balanced failure, in.
2
(mm
2
)
A
f,bar
=
area of one FRP bar, in.
2
(mm
2
)
A
f,i
=
area of reinforcement in i-th layer, in.
2
(mm
2
)
A
f,min
=
minimum area of FRP reinforcement needed to prevent failure
of flexural members upon cracking, in.
2
(mm
2
)
A
f,sh
=
area of shrinkage and temperature FRP reinforcement per
linear foot, in.
2
(mm
2
)
A
fv
=
amount of FRP shear reinforcement within spacing
s,
in.
2
(mm
2
)
A
fv,min
=
minimum amount of FRP shear reinforcement within spacing
s,
in.
2
(mm
2
)
A
oh
=
area enclosed by centerline of the outermost closed transverse
torsional reinforcement, in.
2
(mm
2
)
A
s
=
area of tension steel reinforcement, in.
2
(mm
2
)
A
t
=
area of one leg of a closed stirrup resisting torsion within spacing
s, in.
2
(mm
2
)
A
vf
=
area of shear friction reinforcement perpendicular to the plane of
shear
a
=
depth of equivalent rectangular stress block, in. (mm)
b
=
width of rectangular cross section, in. (mm)
b
o
=
perimeter of critical section for slabs and footings, in. (mm)
b
eff
=
effective width of the slab, in. (mm)
b
w
=
width of the web, in. (mm)
C
=
Compressive force, lb (N)
C
E
=
environmental reduction factor for various fiber types and
exposure conditions
67
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