Information Technology Reference
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Figure 2.15
Seoul official website online form for providing comments.
2.7 Strategies for Successful e-Governance
The study of e-governance has emerged as a major new area of research in public
administration (Holzer, Manoharan, & Van Ryzin, 2010). E-governance provides
benefits such as improvement in government accountability, efficiency and effec-
tiveness (Carter & Bélanger, 2005; Holzer et al., 2010), transparency, higher levels
of public involvement, and others. The importance of e-governance and the ben-
efits it brings increase the need for governments to transform from e-government
to e-governance. Many factors both inside and outside governments impact
e-governance adoption and development, such as economy, education, and cul-
ture. Success in e-governance requires government precise efforts and strategies
to achieve the transformation. Four strategies include (1) upgrading ICT infra-
structure, (2) improving human resource management, (3) creating a correspond-
ing political environment that emphasizes citizen participation, and (4) promoting
administrative performance.
Information and communication technology infrastructure plays a fundamen-
tal role in developing e-governance. Bwalya (2009) emphasized the importance
of ICT infrastructure in e-government adoption and development. Similar to
e-government, the achievement of e-governance goals strongly relates to the ICT
infrastructure level. High Internet usage will result in high public pressure for
developing e-governance, with requests for better online services as well as more
e-participation opportunities. Better ICT infrastructure inside a government serves
as a good foundation for the government to implement e-governance strategies and
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