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2.3 e-Governance Varies at the Municipal Level
Although more and more governments have realized the importance of e-governance
and improve it, jurisdictions still vary substantially at municipal and national levels.
Several studies have focused on e-government, e-participation, and e-governance,
and among them, the Rutgers E-Governance Survey has an enduring history.
Having done research in e-governance for more than 10 years, the E-Government
Institute at the School of Public Affairs and Administration of Rutgers University-
Newark developed one of the most comprehensive indexes, with 104 scaled items
used to evaluate e-governance performance at the municipality level. By evaluat-
ing the websites of the largest cities of the most wired nations in the world, the
2011-2012 Rutgers E-Governance Survey reflects the development and variance in
e-governance worldwide at the municipal level.
2.4 Methodology
2.4.1 Choosing 100 Largest Municipalities
Building on previous surveys since 2003, the 2011-2012 survey focused on the
largest municipalities of the 100 most wired nations in the world (Table 2.1). These
nations were chosen based on data from the International Telecommunication
Union. Moreover, the rationale for selecting the largest municipalities stems from
the e-governance literature, which suggests a positive relationship between popu-
lation and e-governance capacity at the local level (Holzer & Manoharan, 2012;
Moon, 2002; Moon & deLeon, 2001; Musso, Weare, & Hale, 2000; Weare, Musso,
& Hale, 1999). These municipalities serve as a surrogate for the e-governance levels
of their representative nations.
table 2.1
100 Municipalities Selected by Continent (2011-2012)
Africa (12)
Accra (Ghana)
Dar es Salaam (Tanzania) a
Algiers (Algeria) a
Kampala (Uganda) a
Cairo (Egypt)
Lagos (Nigeria)
Cape Town (South Africa)
Nairobi (Kenya)
Casablanca (Morocco)
Omdurman (Sudan) a
Dakar (Senegal)
Tunis (Tunisia)
( Continued )
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