Information Technology Reference
In-Depth Information
2.6.3 Content...........................................................................................50
2.6.4 Services ...........................................................................................53
2.6.5 Citizen and Social Engagement ......................................................54
2.7 Strategies for Successful E-Governance ......................................................55
Author Biographies .............................................................................................57
References ...........................................................................................................57
Abstract
E-government has been widely accepted, and more governments contin-
uously adopt it to provide better services. Great changes have occurred
in the past decade, leading to the transformation from e-government
to e-governance and emphasizing more citizen participation. Although
increasing numbers of e-governance initiatives have been evident,
e-governance development varies substantially both at the municipal and
national levels. Following a model we have been developing and applying
at Rutgers University-Newark since 2003 for evaluating the websites of
the largest municipalities in the 100 most wired nations, our 2011-2012
Worldwide Digital Governance Survey indicates that municipalities vary
substantially in e-governance. The average score for the top five municipal-
ities (Seoul, Toronto, Madrid, Prague, and Hong Kong) is 66.54, whereas
Lagos, Kuwait City, Baghdad, Asuncion, and Tashkent rank lowest at
an average of only 12.05. A substantial gap also exists between munici-
palities in Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development
(OECD) countries and those in non-OECD countries by a ratio of
almost 2:1. Similar variances at the national level have been confirmed by
e-government surveys conducted by the United Nations. To better illus-
trate the latest innovations and usage of information and communication
technologies to improve e-governance, best practices need to be explored
because they can contribute both to the academy and to practice. In this
study, excellent examples from Seoul, Toronto, Berlin, and Hong Kong are
highlighted to reflect the latest innovations and enlighten the development
of e-governance in municipalities worldwide. We suggest four strategies to
achieve success in e-governance, including (1) upgrading information and
communication technology infrastructure, (2) improving human resource
management, (3) creating a corresponding political environment, and
(4) promoting administrative performance.
Keywords:
citizen participation, e-government, government website
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