Information Technology Reference
In-Depth Information
table 6.1
Government Strategic Visions
Year of First
Appearance
Strategic Vision
Information society, citizen-centered public administration
2001
Inclusive and innovative government
2006
Economic growth, leadership
2007
Open government (transparency, accountability, participation)
2009
Connected government (cross-agency/cross-border e-services)
2010
Digital economy
2010
Source: Anthopoulos, L., & Fitsilis, P. (2014). International Journal of Public Admin-
istration in the Digital Age , 1 (1), 15-38.
governments' willingness for e-government with their aims for economic growth
and for international or supranational leadership in the ICT industry.
The corresponding e-government progress is being measured with various, mainly
quantitative, models and indexes, which vary from the World Bank's online availability,
implications, investments, and satisfaction; to the United Nations' readiness, e-service
stages, e-participation, progress, and performance; to the European Committee's
e-service availability and Internet indicators; and to American Customer Satisfaction
Index (ACSI) citizen satisfaction (Fitsilis, Anthopoulos, & Gerogiannis, 2010). Most
of these measures emphasize established government's efficiency and effectiveness:
Efficiency returns public sector performance or productivity rates and is associated
mainly with public spending effects to socioeconomic indicators (Hauner & Kyobe,
2008), and effectiveness deals with the quality of public services, the degree of its inde-
pendence from political pressures, the quality of policy formulation and implementa-
tion, and the credibility of the government's commitment to such policies (The World
Bank, 2012).
With regard to the e-government progress, various scholars emphasize on adoption.
Indicative works are from Carter and Weerakkody (2008), who defined an adoption
measurement model with the comparison among cultural variables in the United
States and United Kingdom, and from Reddick (2009), who identified and mea-
sured various determinants that influence adoption, whereas Tung and Rieck (2005)
used Rogers' Innovation Diffusion Theory to ground their adoption framework, and
they realized that an innovative environment strengthens adoption potentials.
However, there is an increasing argument with regard to e-government success.
Some known failures concern project failures (Heeks & Bailur, 2007), utopian
vision statement (Tung & Rieck, 2005), losing citizen expectations and keeping
traditional service channels (Bekkers & Homburg, 2007), or evolved types of
bureaucracy (Bovens & Zouridis, 2002).
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