Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
maintained, and are derelict. On the Lido di Pellestrina, near Venice, attempts were
made to retain a wasting beach after a sea wall was constructed, then elaborated
and armoured with boulders. Groynes were built, then a chain of offshore break-
waters, but as these defences multiplied the original sandy beach washed away,
and has been replaced by dumped boulders (Fig. 3.10 ).
3.2 Non-structural Methods
Over the last few decades alternative means of constructing sea walls, boul-
der ramparts, breakwaters and groynes have become increasingly popular. Often
termed 'soft engineering', these are intended to work with the existing processes,
but despite this concept, they are not necessarily 'natural' nor always immune
from environmental impacts, but offer an alternative to structural methods. The
most widely applied method of 'soft engineering' is beach renourishment. In addi-
tion to beach renourishment, other adaptive methods on the beach include beach
shaping and scraping, and use of covers to retain sediment.
Fig. 3.11 Large cobbles added to the beach at Amroth. Pembrokeshire, to increase the stability
of the beach and increase the protection from flooding of hinterland properties. © Greg Guthrie
of Royal HaskoningDHV
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