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Chapter 9
Residual Stress Evaluation in Vitreous
Enameled Steel Sheets by Digital Images
Analysis of Microstructures
Rita Ambu, Andrea Zucchelli and Giangiacomo Minak
Abstract Composite vitreous-enameled steel sheet have become more attractive
for structural applications. In this chapter, an investigation on the residual stresses,
introduced during the manufacturing of these materials, is reported. The local
structure evidences the presence of bubbles in the coating and the interface domain
between the substrate and the external layer made of a complex material system
where the ceramic and the metal constituents are mixed. This particular local
structure can affect the distribution and entity of the residual stresses. Digital images
of cross-section micrographs have been processed and used to discretize the material
microstructure into a mesh suitable for finite element analysis. The residual stresses
have been evaluated on coatings manufactured with different technologies and, in
particular, the effect of the presence of bubbles on the stresses has been highlighted.
Keywords Vitreous enamel coating
Residual stress
Image processing
Finite
element method
9.1 Introduction
Composite vitreous-enameled steel sheets are a special class of metal-ceramic
composite materials obtained by a two stages coating process: the deposition of the
enamel raw material over the metal surface and the firing at high temperature of
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