Information Technology Reference
In-Depth Information
This is because
we
choose to interpret its form in a way that corresponds to
our
view
of the world.
What has not been discussed in this chapter, and is considered in more detail later
in this topic (Chaps. 8 and 9, also see Addis
1990
), is the role and nature of the
representation schemes themselves. Briefly, representations exist in the world, have
constraints and exist in the domain of knowledge. What a designer of a system has
to do is to match a representation and its constraints to the knowledge of the domain
under consideration. The most powerful representation schemes are those that have
a long history and have evolved strong inference procedures. Mathematics, in all
its forms, is an example. It is therefore an important strategy to represent the world
in a mathematical form, for then it is possible to call upon centuries of thinking to
support any conclusions that may be drawn; it is the route to successful scientific
advance.
What is not known is the key to systems that we could accept as truly intelligent.
This key is dependent upon how to achieve an
open
inference system. One clue
to this achievement is the interaction of an intelligent and purposeful system with
the world; particularly at the level of abstraction. The world, after all, is the only
unbounded system we have, and it is through our interaction with the world that
new concepts and novel systems of concepts emerge. Here we are considering a
much more intimate and direct relationship with the world than is currently possible
through traditional computer systems. Perhaps we should consider something akin
to a robot.
References
Addis TR (1980) Towards an expert diagnostic system. ICL Tech J May:79-105
Addis TR (1985) Designing knowledge-based systems. Originally Kogan Page, then Prentice Hall
(1986) ISBN 0-13-201823-3, and also Chapman & Hall, October. Hardback: ISBN 0 85038
859 7. Soft back: ISBN 1 85091 251 3
Addis TR (1989) The science of knowledge: a research programme for knowledge engineering. In:
Proceedings of the third European Workshop on Knowledge Acquisition for Knowledge-Based
Systems (EKAW '89), Paris, June
Addis TR (1990) Knowledge for design. Knowl Acquis 2:95-105
Addis T, Gooding D, Townsend J (1990) A functional description of Faraday's discovery of the
electric motor. Working Paper, Science Studies Centre, University of Bath
Addis T, Gooding D, Townsend J (1992) Knowledge design from natural intelligence: an interactive
representation of Faraday's experimental researches. Poster, Joint Councils Initiative Workshop,
Imperial College, March 1992
Addis TR, Gooding DC, Townsend JJ (1993) Knowledge acquisition with visual functional pro-
gramming. In: Knowledge acquisition for knowledge-based systems, 7th European workshop,
EKAW '93, Toulouse and Caylus, France. 6-10 Sept. Springer, ISBN 3-540-57253-8, ISBN
0-387-57253-8. Lecture Notes in AI 723. Bibliography
Collins HM (1975) The TEA set: tacit knowledge and scientific networks. Sci Stud 4:165-185
Collins HM (1985) Changing order. Sage, Englewood Cliffs
Collins HM (1990) Artificial experts. MIT, Cambridge
