Information Technology Reference
In-Depth Information
a
b
c
Fig. 1.4
Two display cards for the test concepts '
red circles
' and '
blue squares
'
initial definition of IQ, which does not take into account the shape of a developing
intelligence with age or experience.
In order to capture a realistic character of intelligence in their tests, the problems
to be solved in these tests are practical activities. The subjects are asked to repeatedly
solve a set of similar tasks, such as sorting cards, as one might do for a paid job.
In particular, there is the problem of sorting cards into three groups. Each card
has a pattern (similar to Q1 above) involving five dimensions (color, shape, size,
number, and content) (Fig.
1.4
). Two cards are displayed for two of the three piles
as a descriptor of what should be placed in that position. The subject is told if the
choice is correct during the sorting.
The point of these kinds of tests is to provide an opportunity for subjects to
discover from experience the underlying concept that governs a correct sorting. The
dimensions such as number, color, shape, size and position are numerous enough to
include in their structure many alternative concepts that can show partial success.
The results of the number of successes for subjects show a multi-concept distribution
as seen in Fig.
1.5
.
Each peak indicates a concept that provides some correct scores. Some people may
spot the resolving concept straight away and others will perceive a range of different
concepts ordered in terms of complexity. The first choice may not be effective so
the next elaboration is used that will move towards a better solution. This process
continues until an optimum is found.
Again the results are not too surprising, since they confirm the observation that
solutions to problems come in stages of realization. Since a concept is either perceived
or not perceived, then at least one or more discontinuity is clearly an aspect of
intelligent behavior. Initially the subject will consider a simple concept that can be
used to reduce mistakes, and as the subject gains experience a more refined theory
that will result in fewer errors will be perceived.
