Examples - Driver Drowsiness Detection: Systems and Solutions - page 36

Chapter 5
Examples

This chapter provides examples of recent research work on driver drowsiness
detection solutions. The systems and methods discussed in this chapter complement
the commercial solutions surveyed in Chap. 3 . Most of the methods described below
have been developed in the context of academic research and focus on behavioral
aspects, such as nodding, blinking, and yawning. The chapter is divided into two
main sections: Sect. 5.1 covers selected recent work by researchers in the field,
whereas Sect. 5.2 presents highlights of the authors' ongoing work on the topic.

5.1 Selected Recent Work

There have been many recent efforts in the field of driver drowsiness detection
using behavioral methods. As explained in Chap. 2 , such methods are usually
focused on monitoring the driver's facial expressions and recognizing patterns
that might describe the driver's internal state. Visual clues that can be monitored
for determining driver's sleep deprivation level include: sudden variations in head
pose (presumably associated with nodding), frequent yawning, rapid blinking or
prolonged eye closure. A driver's facial expressions and head pose can be monitored
using camera sensors and an array of image processing and computer vision
algorithms, e.g., face detection, head pose estimation, and feature tracking. In this
section, we highlight prominent examples of recent work, classified into three
categories: head pose estimation, yawning, and eye state estimation.