Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
vii.
Jatropha Oil
The
Jatropha
tree has been used as a significant fuel source for a lot of years
especially in Southeast Asia and India. The tree has convenient harvesting
condition that allows it to grow in arid conditions and gives a significantly
large oil yield (Vijayalakshmi et al.
2007
).
viii.
Jojoba Oil
Jojoba oil is a new candidate in vege oils as bio-fuel. Easy growth in saline
soils and on desert lands has landed jojoba oil under the spotlight of research-
ers. Given the small amounts of cultivation, studies across the globe have
shown that jojoba oil will make scanty impact on the production of bio-diesel
(Vijayalakshmi et al.
2007
).
ix.
Karanj Plant
Native plant found in India, appears to be a good candidate for biodiesel pro-
duction. It is considered less toxic and cheap as well. However there is a large
room for studies and more research is needed on Karanj plant (Vijayalakshmi
et al.
2007
).
x.
Peanut Oil
From the beginning in diesel shortages, peanut oil was used frequently since
Rudolf ran his first diesel engine on peanut oil. But gradually its usage
decreased, mostly because of economic reasons (Vijayalakshmi et al.
2007
).
3.2.2
Production of Diesel oil from Vegetable Oil
Vegetable oils fulfill the parameters of being economical and environment friendly.
However characteristics like high viscosity, low volatilities and polysaturatedness
act as tangible obstacles in replacing diesel fuels with triglycerides. Methods that
produce vegetable oil derivatives have been developed to circumvent this hin-
drance: Pyrolysis, Micro emulsification, Dilution, Transesterification.
a.
Pyrolysis
Pyrolysis harbors the decomposition of vegetable oil via thermal energy in the
absence of air. The resultant vegetable oil product is referred to as pyrolyzate and
has been shown to have less viscosity, pour point and flash point but equal calo-
rific values. Even the cetane number of the vegetable oil pyrolyzate turned out to
be low. The sulphur water and sediment of the pyrolyzate remain under accept-
able range alongside acceptable copper corrosion (Vijayalakshmi et al.
2007
).
b.
Micro emulsification
The formation of micro emulsification of liquids has potentially added to the
lessening of vegetable oil viscosity. These are colloidal dispersions that are ther-
modynamically stable ranging from 100 to 1,000 A° (Vijayalakshmi et al.
2007
).
