Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
hours (He et al.
2007
). In this process the blend converts into a single uniform
phase which quickens the reaction as there is no intermediate phase in mass
transfer to limit the reaction rate. The benefit of using this procedure is that
alcohol is a reactant and an acid catalyst. The main draw back of the process
is great charge of apparatus due to the usage of high pressure and temperature
(Yin et al.
2008
).
vi.
Microwave assisted trans esterification:
Micro wave irradiation can be used for biodiesel formation. This process acti-
vates polar molecules and ions to alcohol with fast modification in magnetic
field, due to which it cooperates with dipoles and charged ions. The prepara-
tion of biodiesel using this method offers fast, easy, small response time, little
oil to methanol ratio, decrease in amount of by products and cheap energy
consumption (Azcan and Danisman
2007
).
vii.
Ultra sound assisted trans esterification:
Ultra sound delivers the power-driven energy for mingling and trans-ester-
ification reaction. This process maximizes the chemical speed and harvest
of the entire procedure of trans esterification of oil and fats into bio diesel.
The main advantages of this process are less time, less energy consumption
especially in mechanical stirring and simplicity of the process. The trans
esterification of 1 kg soya bean oil using ultra-sonic and conventional stir-
ring method consume 250 and 500 W/kg energy respectively (Singh et al.
2007
).
3.2
Vegetable Oil
In the colossal network of biological entities that can render the replacement
of fossil fuels with immense appositeness, oils obtained from plants are surfac-
ing the list with great celerity. According to the experts on environmental sci-
ences, vegetable oils are evaluated for production of biofuel for the following
two reasons:
1. Vegetables oils render sustainability in relation to factors like viscosity, energy
content and combustion product.
2. Capital, labor and yield of biodiesel production from vegetable oil are favorable.
Some edible oils listed in Table
2.3
below have also been considered for the use of
biofuels. Though due to food population ratio crisis elevating higher and higher, not
much effort has been poured into this idea.
3.2.1
Pant Oils Used for Biodiesel
The main plants whose oils have been employed for the use of bio-diesel include:
